backward adv. 向后,在后,在后方;倒,逆;回向原处。 lean backwards 往后靠。 spell backwards 倒拼;误解,曲解。 backward(s) and forward(s) 忽前忽后;来回地。 go backwards 倒退,退步,堕落。 say backwards 倒说。 adj. 1.向后方的,向后的。 2.倒的;反的,相反的。 3.落后的,晚的;迟缓的,慢的;进步慢的。 4.愚钝的;畏缩的,迟疑的,怕羞的。 a backward child 智力差(落于人后)的孩子。 The country is in a backward state. 那个国家是落后的。 Summer is backward this year. 今年夏天来得晚。 be backward in (preparations, duty) (准备)迟缓;忽视(责任)。 adv. -ly ,-ness n. 落后,迟疑。
country n. 1.国家;国土;(全)国民,民众。 2.本国,祖国;家乡,故乡。 3.乡下,农村;土地,地方,地区;领域,范围。 4.(代表群众的)陪审(团)。 5.【矿物】围岩(=country rock)。 6.【航海】(船内的)室,间;士官室 (=the officer country)。 7.【板球】外野。 a developing country 发展中的国家。 a beautiful country 美丽的地区。 town and country 城乡。 a flat country 平原地区。 a hill country 丘陵地带。 adj. 1.地方的,乡村的;粗鲁的。 2.祖国的;故乡的,家乡的。 3.【美乐】乡村音乐的。 across country (不走正路)横断田野,越野的(赛跑等)。 country cousin 乡下亲戚,(衣着朴素态度恳直的)乡下人。 country gentleman 乡下地主。 country note 地方(银行发行的)钞票。 country party (代表农村利益的)农民党。 go (out) into the country 下乡〔美国说 go up (the) country〕。 go [appeal] to the country 〔英国〕解散议会(进行普选)。 in the country 在乡下;【板球】远离三柱门。 live in the country 住在乡下〔美国说 live up country 〕。 put [throw] oneself upon the country 要求陪审团审判。
It is difficult for us to get things done , because china is a big and backward country 中国的特点是又大又落后,办起事情来不容易。
And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country 不应忘记,在一个贫穷落后的国家里,那部分财力是很有限的。
The transformation of a backward country into an advanced country requires the painstaking efforts of several generations 将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力。
How japan , a most successful catch - up country in the world , changed from a rather backward country into a real world factory 日本作为世界上最成功地实现赶超的国家,如何从落后走向先进,成为了真正的“世界工厂”
The so - called leapfrogging - oriented economic growth refers to backward countries making use of advantage of their backwardness to approach or even overtake forward countries in short time by capital accumulation , efficiency enhancement and technology innovation to achieve unbalanced and transnormal development . the process embodies not only the rapid improvement of the rate of economic growth but also the improvement of the quality of economic growth 所谓的蛙跳型经济增长( leapfrogging - orientedeconomicgrowth )是指后发国利用后发优势,通过资本积累、效率提高和技术创新,实现非均衡、超常规发展,在较短的时间内接近、甚至赶超先发国水平的一种增长方式和增长过程。
The paper tries to disclose the intrinsic mechanism of the catching - up , explore how the advantages of backwardness works in different economic growth stage , why for most situation , the gap between the poor and the rich become larger and larger , for some minority , they can suddenly rise up and step into the group of the developed countries , and find the best developing way for the backward countries 本论文的研究目的就在于试图深入到纷繁的表象背后,揭示出后发国家后来居上的基础和内在机理,探索不同历史时期后发优势的运行规律。为什么当今多数后发国家与先发国家间的贫富差距越拉越大,而少数后发国家却能够异军突起,快速步入先发国家行列?这些少数国家的经验究竟如何去认识和总结
In the last quarter of the 20th century , gdp per capita in africa is stagnant , gnp in many latin american and asian countries increase slowly , too . they didn ’ t shorten the gap between them and the advanced countries , but enlarged it . in general , there are two trends of backward countries ’ development 在过去的1 / 4个世纪里,非洲人均水平完全停滞不前;拉丁美洲和许多亚洲国家的收入增长也是“步履蹒跚” ,不但未能缩短与发达国家的差距,反而这一差距正在逐步扩大,在全球化中有被“边缘化”的趋势。
During the analysis of innovative leapfrogging , based on the description and remark on the leapfrogging model of brezs , e . - krugman . p . - - tsiddon , d . , the paper puts forward one expanded model , which makes the exogenous technology in the b - k - t model endogenous and shows the function principle and the possibility of backward countries leapfrogging by achieving new technology through input of their own research and development . thereby the model is more comprehensive and more elucidative 论文对每一种蛙跳型式的动力及其运行机理进行了阐释,如对创新型的蛙跳模型进行评述的基础上,提出了一个扩张型模型,把b ? k ? t模型中的外生技术进行了内生化,揭示了后发国通过自身r & d投入获取新技术的条件下蛙跳的可能性及机理,从而使模型更具包容性和现实解释力。